Diamonds Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Diamonds - Research Paper Example According to the research paper "Diamonds" findings, diamonds are considered to have been originally discovered and mined in India. Over 6,000 years ago, substantial alluvial deposits of the stone were traced along Godavari, Krishna, and Penner Rivers in India (Koizumi, Nebel and Nesladek 4). Today, it is approximated that close to 130,000,000 karats of diamond are mined every year. This translates to about 26,000 kilograms of diamond being mined annually. Apart from this, it is also estimated that close to 100,000 kilograms of diamonds are synthesized every year (Pagel-Theisen 9). The exact amount of diamonds that exist in the world cannot be accurately established. However, at this current rate of mining and synthesis, a number of diamonds that exist can be estimated (Zaitsev 10). India has been leading the world in the production of diamond from the time they were discovered there around 9th century BC until mid 18th century AD. This led to the exhaustion of these sources. Diamond began being extracted from primary deposits of lamproites and kimberlites in the 1870s after being discovered in fields, in South Africa. Since then, its production is estimated to have reached 4,500,000,000 karats to date. This is approximately 900,000 kilograms of diamond (Koizumi, Nebel and Nesladek 33). Much of the diamond produced in the world is used for various purposes. A significant amount of diamond is used for industrial applications because of its characteristic high dispersion of light, and its hardness. Another common use of diamond is to make jewelry. Due to its electrical conductivity, diamond is also used as a semiconductor. Most of the diamond produced all over the world is used for these common purposes (Zaitsev 12). It is usually assumed that diamonds are solely fashion accessories. However, they have other numerous applications as stated (Pagel-Theisen 16). It is important to point out that most diamonds can be recycled. Sometimes, when diamonds are mined, not all of them are appropriate for use in making jewelry. This may be because of their size or quality. Such diamonds can be used to coat different cutting tools (Pagel-Theisen 44). This will make those cutting tools more effective because of the hardness of diamond. Tiny flawed diamonds may be used in other areas such as computing and optics. This shows that diamonds can be safely recycled by themselves. When glued to other parts for various uses, diamonds must be separated from these toxic parts before being recycled (Zaitsev 15). There are some cases whereby diamond cannot be recycled. These include instances where diamond was used in industries to grind other things, and it eventually turns into dust. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), in 2003, 4.9 million carats of industrially used diamond was recycled (Koizumi, Nebel and Nesladek 30). Diamonds are also being recycled through recutting and resetting. It is estimated that 49% of diamonds in the world come fro m Southern

Utilitarianism and Happiness Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism and Happiness Essay This theory advocates that the actions worth is determined by maximizing utility (pleasure or happiness). it looks at the consequence of an action as to whether the outcome is good to the majority of people affected by it. According to Bentham, utilitarianism is the greatest happiness or greatest felicity principle. There are many types of this theory which include act vs. rule, two level, motive, negative and average vs. total. (Clifford G. , John C.2009). In act utilitarianism, when people have to make choices, they should consider the consequences of each choice and then choose that which will generate much pleasure. The rule utilitarianism looks at the rules of actions which are potential and looks at what would happen if a certain rule is followed and decides on following it if the outcomes are pleasurable. In the two-level utilitarianism, one uses intuition and they maximize the happiness. Motive utilitarianism deals with how people in reality function psychologically. In negative utilitarianism, one acts such that the least evil is promoted. Total utilitarianism allows the measurement of people’s utility depending on the total utility of those members while average utilitarianism allows measurement of utility of people by the basis of average utility of those people. (David L, 1965) Utilitarianism gives a very good conception of morality. This theory aims at achieving success and happiness and those who go to war want success and this is calculable in the theory. Utility can be looked at as increasing or decreasing in the world but it is not as easy as to be measured. For example, one can not measure happiness or pleasure of somebody. In war, what is most focused on is the security of the people and the freedom from any form of pain. If happiness is taken as a rule and not an act, we can then give ourselves the basis of measuring utility as per the theory. Peace and security of the people should be measured in the process of war and determined whether the outcome of any action is indeed fruitful. If these two lacks, there will be lack of respect for human right and the economic status will decrease. Utility measurement should not be restricted to a nation or a group but to all mankind. It this theory all actions are assessed depending on the outcome they give at the end. A utilitarian acts in such a way that everything he does is towards achieving an outcome which is good for it to be termed moral. Some wars however do not give good results and this is why a pacifist will not advocate for such. These include self-defense and those wars that are toward protecting genocides. The consequentiality prohibitions given against war are contingent for most parts. Utilitarianism view of pacifism is grounded in some rule-utilitarianism. A utilitarian pacifist argues that a rule against war or other sorts of violence will tend to promote the greatest happiness for majority of the people involved. Also this prohibition against violence can give greatest happiness and this takes into account the sentient beings happiness other than humans. From history, war produces more harm than what people view as good. There is one problem however for consequentalists as to whether war could cause more suffering that solving the problem. Utilitarian defenders then say that some of these wars increased pain and suffering. If people will go against wars then, happiness will be the ultimate result. In this theory, killing is justified if it will eventually give happiness in the end. An individual can act the way he wants but should be careful not to harm others. (William H. ,1999) Man should develop and exercise his capabilities so as to exist because man is a progressive being. Censorship and paternalism should be rejected so as to achieve knowledge and develop one in their capabilities. This theory agrees with the antiwar pacifist in that the actions of the war sometimes do not favor the outcome of happiness and pleasure as it advocate. Therefore there should be a drive against wars because instead of people solving that problem which had led them into war, they create pain in the same process. (Jeremy B. , 1979) However, if by going to war will bring pleasure to the majority involved, then wars should gear themselves towards this goal. This theory of utilitarianism is so convincing on its stand on antiwar pacifist because it argues its stand convincingly leaving those in it satisfied and feeling so moral in the sense that it presents as we have discussed. It clearly puts is stand on what it advocates for and this should not be assumed when it comes to wars. This is the ultimate goal of happiness and pleasure to the people according to Mill. (Mark P. , 1991) REFERENCES. :- Clifford G. , John C. Ethical Communication: Five Moral Stances in Human Dialogue. Columbia, MO. : University of Missouri Press, 2009. David L, Forms and Limits of Utilitarianism, 1965. Jeremy B. , An introduction to the principles of morals and legislation, 1789. Mark P. , Moral Philosophy of John Stuart Mill,Longwood Academic 1991. Wakefield, New Hampshire. ISBN 0-89341-681-9. William H. Contemporary Ethics: taking account of utilitarianism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Inc. , 1999.

Atmosphere in Macbeth, by Shakespeare

Atmosphere in Macbeth, by Shakespeare The word atmosphere usually means the air around us. When using the word in the sense of a play it means a certain mood around a certain area at a certain time. Tension usually means emotional or mental stress. Act 2 Sc 2 is the climax of tension that has been built up all the way through Act 1. Act 1 is building up to the murder of Duncan and it is a sinister atmosphere because of the tension and atmosphere in the play as a whole. In Act 2 Scene 2 Macbeth has killed the king, Duncan. This decision comes after the witches come to him after the battle in Act 1 Sc 3 and give him the prophecy that he will be King. In the Elizabethan era people were rather superstitious and believed that witches and anything to do with the witches were bad news. So to be seeing them in real life or so they thought was really bad news. Because of the superstitions of the Elizabethan folk, this tends to be a rather evil sight in their eyes. He is further tempted to kill the King when his wife persuades him to do so. He does this with the help of his wife, who has drugged the Kings guards so as to put them to sleep. Going back to the scene, Macbeth kills the King and is very remorseful for what he has done and his power greedy wife tries to remove any thoughts of remorse from his mind. However, in his hastiness to leave the scene of murder, he forgets to smear blood onto the guards daggers but Macbeth didnt want to go back there so his wife goes and does the deed. Meanwhile, Macbeth is hearing sounds and we would think that he is going mad. This is the beginning of many sounds and visions that Macbeth will see and hear. At the beginning of Act 2 Sc 2 tension is created as Lady Macbeth is waiting and nervous, so she has taken a drink and that has given her confidence. She says: That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold. This creates tension because Lady Macbeth is tense and so the audience will also be tense. In this scene the tension is created by the exclamation of Lady Macbeth when she fears that all has gone wrong. This is when she says: Alack! I am afraid they have waked, and tis not done: thattempt and not the deed ¦ This scene creates a sense of tension and suspense because it creates a feeling as to what the consequences of this failed plan will be if not carried out properly. We get to know all the emotions at this point of the character in the scene, Lady Macbeth. The atmosphere is also created by the natural sounds of animals in the night. Lady Macbeth says: I heard the owl scream, and the crickets cry ¦ This creates the sort of atmosphere of suspense as if something is about to happen. She is awaiting the arrival of Macbeth, so obviously shes listening extra hard to try to hear anything going on in Duncans room. The audience would know that this event took place at night, under the cover of darkness. We know this because Lady Macbeth says that she hears the owl scream, and owls only come out at night as they are nocturnal. In this scene, the atmosphere is also created by the silence of the night. We can deduce this from the way Lady Macbeth refers to the way she did not hear a sound when asked by Macbeth, except:  ¦the owl scream, and the crickets cry. The silence leaves the audience in a state of suspense as to what is going to happen next and eagerly awaiting the next course of action the actors will produce on stage. In this scene the tension is created when Macbeth has brought the daggers back with him when he should have left them with the servants. .Lady Macbeth says: Why did you bring these daggers from the place? This creates tension because if Macbeth is seen with the daggers he will be accused straight away of murder. This creates a cliff hanger as it is a race against time to get the daggers away and them back into safety. The tension in the scene is created when Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are having a fast paced conversation. This is said in the conversation: Didst thou not hear a noise? Did you not speak? When? As I descended?. This causes tension because shes trying to establish what happened, however she does this quickly, which shows that there is no time to waste. In this scene, tension is also created when Macbeth starts to hear sounds. We can deduce this from the text when Macbeth says: Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep; innocent sleep ¦ This creates tension because people in the Elizabethan era were rather superstitious and would start to think that either the demons have come to get Macbeth, or he has gone mad. Also, the religious people from the Elizabethan era would interpret that Macbeth has murdered eternal sleep. Some people would interpret sleep as rest and when people are resting they are at their most innocent and vulnerable, they have no control over what they say, do or dream. Therefore they would interpret it like Macbeth has murdered innocence and some would interpret it that Macbeth has lost control. In the scene the atmosphere is also created when Lady Macbeth tries to remove any thoughts of remorse from the mind of Macbeth. We can deduce this from when Macbeth says: Macbeth: This is a sorry sight. Lady Macbeth: A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight. We see that Lady Macbeth takes control when she treats Macbeth like a child and puts him in his place. We see that Lady Macbeth has turned from a normal woman, to something cold hearted and cruel. She is turning away from any kind of emotion and creating a cold feeling into the hearts of the Elizabethan audience. In Elizabethan times a woman was considered to be lower than a man in the world order at the time. However, as we see in the play, that Shakespeare has changed the order as Lady Macbeth asks to the demons to be unsexed. We see that, even though that the worlds order at the time put women below men, Lady Macbeth is the one who takes the pivotal role that Macbeth should be taking. Also, tension is created by the way that Macbeth has been so strong and noble, yet after killing the king his bravery and chivalry seems to desert him. We see this in the sentence: Why, worthy thane, you do unbend your noble strength, to think so brainsickly of things This is one of those things that the Elizabethan era could speculate about. Some superstitious people would say that Macbeth has been punished by the gods/demons/angels. Less superstitious people would say that the drain of having to kill someone who you have paid oath of fealty to and thinking about the consequences would drain your bravery out of you. This is one place where Shakespeare has let the audience do the thinking. Finally, tension is also created in the scene when the knocking starts. Whence is that knocking? This creates tension because people in the audience were not expecting it. In conclusion, there are many ways that this scene creates atmosphere and tension and I have only mentioned a few. Shakespeare has created the character of Macbeth in such a way that you dont know whether to be sorry for him or to accuse him. Shakespeare has created the character of Lady Macbeth as a normal woman at first, and then becomes a cruel cold blooded character later on. The Elizabethan audience can decide for themselves if Macbeth is guilty or was persuaded by the witches and his wife Lady Macbeth.

Negligence Case Study Essay -- Law of Tort, Tort Law

Review the scenario below. Consider the legal principles influencing the likelihood of any successful action against Steve in negligence. Daria and her lover, Tom, were crossing the road on a pedestrian crossing when Tom was hit and killed by a car being negligently driven by Steve. The car missed Daria by inches. Since the incident Daria has had frequent nightmares and has been unable to return to work. Harry, a policeman patrolling the area, witnessed the incident and went to try to help Tom, but quickly realised that Tom was already dead. This was Harry’s first day back at work following six months recovering from psychiatric illness caused by the distressing nature of his job. As a result of seeing Tom’s injuries Harry has now suffered a return of the psychiatric damage which now appears permanent. Samira, a civilian worker in police traffic control, was watching a TV monitor which showed the road as the incident occurred. Samira recognised Tom as her husband whom she had not seen since the day, six months before, when he had left her and gone to live with Daria. Samira had always believed that, one day, he would return to her. She has suffered post traumatic stress disorder since the incident. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ In our given scenario we are asked to discuss legal principles influencing the likelihood of any successful action against Steve in the grounds of negligence. Steve’s negligent driving caused a series of events that caused losses to the other people presented in the scenario and they take actions against Steve in the grounds of negligence. At first we must understand what negligence is. The tort of negligence provides the potenti... ...rameters and all the aspects of the law that appear in our given scenario we can safely say that any claim that is being made by Tom’s representative by Daria and Samira on the grounds of negligence – breach of duty of care and psychiatric injury would be successful and that even though Harry suffered psychiatric injury his claim won’t be successful since he doesn’t fulfill the necessary parameters in order to make a successful claim. Bibliography Neal Geach, Question & Answer Tort Law, Pearson Law of Tort, Module Handout. Cases Frances Quinn, Tort Law, Pearson, first edition, pp 34-35 Caparo v Dickman (1990) 2 A.C. 605 Page v Smith [1996] 1 A.C. 155 Bourhill v Young [1943] A.C. 92 Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1992] 1 A.C. 310 Hinz v Berry [1970] 1 All E.R. 1084 White v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police [1999] 2 A.C.455

Dickenson’s Hard Times

As I analyze the first character that was presented in the book Hard times by Charles Dickens, Thomas Gradgrind is one of the central figures through whom the author weaves a web of intricately connected characters and plotlines. His character is used with most central feature of his monotone attitude and appearance that is mechanized. Mr. Gradrinds opening speech to a group of young students during the opening scene embodies his dryness and the hard fact that he crams into his student’s heads.Gradrind is best described as â€Å"square coat, square legs, square shoulders,† (Dickens, 1981) by the narrator which merely suggest Gradrind’s unrelenting rigidity. During the first few chapters, he expounds his philosophy of calculating his rational self interest. Human nature can be governed by complete rational rules according to his belief. He is also ready to weight and measure any parcel of human nature and be able to tell what it comes to. By this philosophy he was able to triumph financially and socially. His fortune as a hardware merchant which is a trade that deals in hard material reality.He also became a member of the Parliament and this position allows him to indulge his interest tabulating data about people from England. Though he is not a factory owner, he evinces the spirit of Industrial revolution as he treats people like machines that can be reduced to a number of principles of science. The narrator describes Gradrind ironically but he also undergo significant change in the novel which later catches the narrator’s sympathy. This is when Louisa confessed to him that something really important is missing in her life and that she is unhappy and disappointed with her marriage.This gave a realization to Gradrind that the education system that he has is not perfect. This is proven when he learned that Tom robbed the bank of Bounderby. and since he was faced by these failures, he admits to himself that â€Å"The ground on which I stand has ceased to be solid under my feet. † (Dickens, 1981)The dilemmas of his children made him feel and learn love, compassion and sorrow. He later became a humble man and making his facts and figures in greater connection with the virtues of faith, hope and charity.

Computerized Systems essays

Computerized Systems essays Starting in the late Twentieth Century, many companies started using computerized systems. Most of these companies started using these systems to save time and reduce costs. Even though these computerized systems are rather expensive, in the long run they saved companies money. The companies saved money by making or purchasing a computerized system by reducing paper usage and employee overtime. Since employees did not have to spend there time doing paper work, they could do their jobs faster and more efficiently. This gave the employees more time to do other projects around the office. One computerized system that saved employees time is automatic payroll. Instead of wasting time filling out paper time sheets, the employee could simply clock in at the beginning and end of each shift. Some companies like this idea because it can possibly reduce the number of employees needed in the payroll section of their company. Many aspects of the computerized system might take away some duties from the human employee. This can save the company a lot of money, but is very bad for employee morale. Management also benefits from the computerized system. Management is able make decisions much faster because the information they needed to make these decisions with is right there and could easily be accessed. There is no searching for documents or other files. The company can easily give access to certain parts of the computerized system to one group in the company and not the other. This way, information is kept private or public, depending of the company needs. It is not always the case that the companys employees and employers notice most of the benefits that a computerized system has. Some companies have many satisfied customers due to the fact that computerized systems were introduced into that company. Although many computerized systems were brought into companies in the late Twentieth century, some compan...

314325top00 Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

314325top00 Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers 314325top00 Assignment Cover Sheet Qualification Module Number and Title HND in Business Management BHND 5203 - Strategic Management Student Name No. Assessor Shaznan Fairoze Sally (CL/HNDBM/66/47) Ms. Inoka Gunarathne Hand out date Submission Date Assessment type Assignment Presentation Duration/Length of Assessment Type Individual CW (3000 words) Presentation (15 minutes) Weighting of Assessment 50% 50% Learner declaration I, Shaznan Fairoze Sally (CL/HNDBM/66/47)certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged. Marks Awarded First assessor IV marks Agreed grade Signature of the assessor Date Feedback Form International College of Business Technology Module: BHND5203 - Strategic Management Student: Assessor: Ms. Inoka Gunarathne Assignment:Individual Assignment Strong features of your work: Strong features of your work: Areas for improvement: Areas for improvement: Marks Awarded: Marks Awarded: Abstract I have selected CIC holdings as the company for this report and have assessed it using the Ansoff's Growth Matrix and Evaluated its Business Unit using the GE matrix. I developed possible alternative strategies for the company and related them to substantive growth, limited growth and retrenchment and chosen the best future strategies for the business. Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc469389385 \h 3 CIC Holdings PAGEREF _Toc469389386 \h 3 Ansoff's growth-vector matrix For CIC Holdings PAGEREF _Toc469389387 \h 4 Directional Policy Matrix PAGEREF _Toc469389388 \h 7 INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS PAGEREF _Toc469389389 \h 9 INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS PAGEREF _Toc469389390 \h 10 INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS PAGEREF _Toc469389391 \h 10 Competitive Strength PAGEREF _Toc469389392 \h 11 Competitive Strength PAGEREF _Toc469389393 \h 11 Competitive Strength PAGEREF _Toc469389394 \h 12 GE MATRIX PAGEREF _Toc469389395 \h 12 Possible Alternative Strategies CIC can use for its company growth PAGEREF _Toc469389396 \h 14 Retrenchment PAGEREF _Toc469389397 \h 15 Substantial Growth PAGEREF _Toc469389398 \h 15 Limited Growth Strategy PAGEREF _Toc469389399 \h 16 Appropriate future strategy for the organization PAGEREF _Toc469389400 \h 17 Strategy evaluation criteria PAGEREF _Toc469389401 \h 17 Suitability: PAGEREF _Toc469389402 \h 17 Acceptability PAGEREF _Toc469389403 \h 19 Feasibility PAGEREF _Toc469389404 \h 20 References PAGEREF _Toc469389405 \h 21 Table of Figures TOC \h \z \c "Figure" Figure 1 Ansoff's Growth vector matrix PAGEREF _Toc469389858 \h 4 Figure 2 Directional Policy Matrix PAGEREF _Toc469389859 \h 7 Figure 3 GE MATRIX PAGEREF _Toc469389860 \h 12 Figure 4 GE MATRIX (Jurevicius, 2016) PAGEREF _Toc469389861 \h 13 Introduction CIC Holdings Initially Known as Imperial chemical industries (ICI) was incorporated in 1964 and quoted in the Colombo Brokers association. Now rebranded as CIC Holdings PLC. The company began its operations by manufacturing agricultural pipes and now has diversified into many ventures such as Agriculture, Animal feeds, Farm produce, veterinary medicine, Agro chemicals, poultry, Pharmaceuticals etc. CIC is constantly repositioning itself in exploring growth sectors both locally and globally. And now has tapped the global markets with Ag ri produce such as rice. They work with the mission and vision of: Vision : To be an innovative Group of companies creating value through effective fulfilment of market needs. Mission : To enhance the quality of people in the region by developing a diverse portfolio in Healthcare, industrial, consumer products, crop solutions and services, driven by customer satisfaction and improvements in technology. We will harness the potential of our people to derive competitive advantage and to add value to stakeholders whilst safeguarding the environment. (CIC.lk,2016) Ansoff's growth-vector matrix For CIC Holdings Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1 Ansoff's Growth vector matrix Market penetration isthe safest of the four options. Here, the company should focus on expanding sales of its existing product in its existing market . CIC can develop new strategies , to encourage more people to choose the company's product or use more of it. As CIC is in the agricultural industry, where consumers purchasing it uses the product in the kitchen, CIC could develop new strategies such as including kitchen utensils for free e.g. : spoons, cups etc. that would draw the customers attention into purchasing the product as they could save money from purchasing those extra utensils. Another strategy CIC could use is by adding extra product into their packaging e.g. : adding 200g extra to their 2kg package of rice and mentioning "extra 10%" in the packaging to make consumers aware of the extra included. More of the product with the same prices of the competitors would draw attention from buyers to purchase the product. (Mindtools.com, 2016) Product development is slightly more risky, because you're introducing a new product into your existing market. Here, the company is selling different products to the same people , who are already aware and have

Kroger Essay Example

Kroger Essay Example Kroger Essay Kroger Essay The site I found my information on about the salary range of my career choice is AMA American Medical Association. I believe this site is reliable because its a medical website that shows you different medical careers, it have a publications, mission statement, and AMA been around since 1847. While looking on the site it didnt have Health care manager it have Health information administrator, but its the same career. It have the salary range from 2003, so by now the salary should have gone up and from the 2003 salary range this is the career I want to go into. Starting Salary 40,000 Over average 54,700 Upper ranges 85,000 1 know that I would have to work myself up to the upper ranges, but would love to start at the over average. American Medical Association. (2003). Education. Retrieved from www. AMA-ass. Org/AMA/pub/education-careers/careers- health-care/health-care-income. Page Library Search Looking on the online library, I located a Journal article named Environment Scanning and the Health Care Manager. The article was very interesting to me because its for new managers coming into the work place making strategic plans for the environment that they are managing. It ivies me ideals of what I should do as a health care manager when I go into a health care facility. The article explains if you dont take the time to make strategic plans for environment the facility you work could get lose money, staff, or even close down. As a manager you should know what you are dealing with In the work place and make plans to deal with them.

Organ Transplantation Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organ Transplantation - Personal Statement Example Rithalia et al. (2009) state that in the UK most cases involving alive donors are reported in the donation of kidneys. Most of the other organs come from deceased people. Despite the benefits of organs’ transplantations, this procedure has its share of limitations. For example, as Voo, Campbell, & De Castro (2009) state, the organs available for transplants are usually in short supply, yet the number of people in need of transplants is ever increasing. This translates into a long waiting list, while demand continues to grow and more people die from organ failure. As Lawson (2008) states, the problem with the current healthcare setting is that organ transplantations rely so much on informed consent that many unnecessary deaths are occurring, yet good organs, which can be used to save people’s lives, are being buried and cremated. Presumed Consent during Organ Transplantation To increase the supply of organs, medical practitioners have been forced to use various means to obtain organs. As Voo, Campbell, & De Castro (2009) state, the conventional method is â€Å"opt-in†, in which a person voluntarily donates his/her organs to needy patients. Using this method, the donor should authorize the removal of organs after his/her death, by, for example, carrying a donor card, or being a member of the national registry (Price, 2000). However, since these donations still do not meet the growing demand, practitioners tend to use the â€Å"presumed consent† method. According to Liddy (2000), presumed consent assumes that everyone wishes to donate their organs after death, unless the person has â€Å"opted out† of the system. This is despite the absence of a clear indication that the individual donating the organs have given their consent for the procurement process. According to Lawson (2009), the presumed consent system allows for organ procurement after the death of a person, unless the deceased had objected to this procedure before their death. This scenario, according to Voo, Campbell, & De Castro (2009) creates an â€Å"ethical crisis†, where critics argue that the deceased may not have known the laws governing organ donations, and would not have, therefore, objected. Legal and Ethical Issues Affecting Presumed Consent during Organ Transplantation On legality grounds, Ammann (2010) writes that from a legal standpoint, every adult of sound mind should have the ability to make decisions concerning any actions towards one own body. It is, therefore, argued that the presumed consent model violates free and informed decision making; thus, undermining personal autonomy. In addition, some critics argue that presumed consent is not legal since it assumes that every person who does not opt-out of the system wishes to donate their organs after death. This, however, is not the case, considering that majority of people are ignorant about such an option and may, therefore, be unwilling to donate, yet fail to opt-out. As a result of not opting-out, such people may end up donating organs even though they never intended to become donors (Liddy, 2000). Presumed consent can either be â€Å"hard opt-out† or â€Å"soft opt-out† depending on the available legislations, as well as ethical considerations (Ammann, 2010). The hard system does not consult the family, while the soft one considers the wishes of the family before starting on the organ procurement proces

Marketing Project writeup Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Marketing Project writeup - Research Paper Example The larger models, on the other hand, are for bigger lecture halls. There are around 40 Universities and over 20 Colleges in Ontario, not to mention its primary and secondary schools. Among the 40 Universities, 27 of which are government-funded, and are geared towards acquiring the best tools to support the educational system. These will be considered the primary target market of Notedesk company. It will seek to penetrate these universities, and supply Notedesk particularly for Science, Mathematics and Information Technology courses, whose demand for up to date educational tools is high. Notedesk is also available for companies that offer multi media productions in the form of seminars and forums. The aim is to capture the interest of companies outsourcing training programs and even venues for such programs. Notedesk embodies top of the art information technology, and will surely be aligned with these companies’ own marketing strategy, These gadgets will give these companies a new image lift, and although it will prove to be an added investment for these companies, Notedesk guarantees to be great and efficient partner in their quest for better training

Management of International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management of International Business - Essay Example The role of private capital cannot be neglected as far as the economic development of a country is concerned. Shell is the most influential or biggest oil company in the world. They are one among the bests as far as the commitments to social responsibility are concerned. Apart from one or two incidents, Shell behaved ethically and demonstrated their social commitments in most of the times. They promise less and deliver more. Germany is one among the most influential countries in the world as far as economic growth and size are concerned. After the unification of the Germanys, the unified Germany is more stable politically and economically. Germans are keener in giving more humanitarian look to their economy and hence they will never allow any companies to function in their soil against the will of the public. Shell can operate or expand in German soil if they are able to implement business strategies suitable to the German culture and tradition. This paper analyses corporate social r esponsibility commitments of Shell Company and their future prospects and growth potentials in Germany. Introduction â€Å"Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies is one of the largest global groups of energy and petrochemicals companies with around 101,000 employees in more than  90 countries and territories† (About Shell, n. d). ... Germany is one of the prominent countries in the Europe. After the unification of West and East Germanys in 1989, unified Germany has attained a significant role in international arena. The Hitler era is over and the current Germans are keener in working for the growth of their nation rather than expanding their nation to different territories. In other words, Germany is a good place for investments at present because of the better political and economical climates. Organizations which are ready to obey their international obligations can select Germany as a safe place for investments at present. Germans value socially committed organizations very much and they consider the track records of organizations with respect to social responsibility, while purchasing something. Corporate social responsibility of Shell Kotler and Lee (2004) have pointed out that CSR is the â€Å"commitment to improve community well-being through discretionary business practices and contributions of the corpo rate resources† (Kotler &Lee, 2004, p.3). Most of the Shell companies are operating independently in each of the countries, by the people who know the needs of the community and the environment well. They have the authority and autonomy to make all normal business decisions (Nehring, 2002).One of the major success factors of Shell Company is their respect to the community in which they operate. While most of the competitors concentrate only on reaping the profits, Shell is keener in spending a portion of their profit for the wellbeing of the society or community in which it operates. They are giving more emphasize to the environmental protection and hence no major

Hca Hospital Corporation of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hca Hospital Corporation of America - Essay Example Indirect competition from companies that produce cheaper substitutes also encourages the business to grow otherwise it will be pushed out of the market. The desire by organisations to enjoy economies of scale in terms of management, purchases, production, marketing among other forces them to expand which guarantees them saving due to bulk purchase of materials, spreading of overheads, higher bargaining power and expert management (Kazanjian & Drazin, 2009). Increase in demand for the products that a company manufactures also contributes to the motivation of a firm to grow in order to meet the growing demand for its products and services. Prestige and power that comes with managing big firms may also motivate the management to expand their organisations (Kumar, 2010). In addition, government policy in some countries, especially the planned economies requires business to operate under certain rules and regulations. Businesses may grow in order for them to meet these regulations and enj oy the quotas, subsidies and incentives that the government gives to businesses. With the controversies that have surrounded Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), the company need to review its growth strategies to ensure it redeems its image and to put it in a constant path of growth. In coming up with the most effective strategies for growth, the company need to consider and follow the following steps. First, the company should plan about its growth strategies in order to for them to focus on meeting the customers’ needs and showing the corporations ability to meet them. Health care corporation of America manages a number of hospitals and medical centres in unites states and in united kingdom which provide general and specialised medical services to its clients. In planning, the hospital should put into consideration the various specific needs of the clients and employees in the countries and in different departments. The plan should be client focussed clearly detailing th e goals, strategies, and tactics that will be used and a specific timeline within which the goals will be achieved. The timeline should set aside time for training and mentoring employees to the organisational culture and best practises in the field of health care. The plan should also include the methods that the company intend to use in training, coaching and measuring the progress of the employees. Including staff in coming up with a strategy by allowing their input at the appropriate level will enable the management to obtain their commitment and accountability to the organisation. The employees should be engaged in customer-focussed tactics that will ensure the corporation attracts new customers and retains the old ones. Role playing and scripting among employees will also be important, as it will give the employees a chance to test their newly learned skills. The corporation should provide mentorship programs by pairing new employees with old experienced employees. As a way of boosting morale among employees, the corporation should adopt some measuring and rewarding mechanisms in its growth strategy. Compensation and reward programs, staff development and training should be aligned with activities and results of staff involved in improving customer experience in the corporation; this will be to boost the morale of the staff to offer their best to

Psychological Testing - Wechsler intelligence scale for children Essay

Psychological Testing - Wechsler intelligence scale for children - Essay Example By detecting low IQ scores in children, an intervention can be put in place to help the child learn. High IQ scores can help place an advance child in a higher learning environment. Normal IQ scores can make sure a child is on their level. Identifying IQ’s in children are important due to these reasons. One intelligence test for children today is the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). The WISC was created by David Wechsler (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2005, p. 7). The WISC was first introduced in 1974, then revised accordingly until today’s version the WISC-IV came into use (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2005, p. 10). The WISC produces an IQ number for children ages six to sixteen. Unlike most IQ tests, the WISC does not require a student to read or write. The oral side of the test lets educators determine a true IQ, not just test ability. Although the WISC can be used for various reasons, the WISC is intended to be as an IQ evaluation of children. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children is the test that will be critically reviewed as a standardized psychometric test for this paper. The WISC is an intelligence psychometric test. This paper will discuss the evolution of the WISC into the WISC-IV. The WISC will be evaluated as a tool for determining learning disabilities, accessing a child’s true ability, tracking a child’s development, and as a primary IQ test. In the Literature Review, the WISC’s advantages and disadvantages will be given. Then my personal opinion will be given in the Discussion section. Finally a brief Conclusion will wrap up the paper as a whole. The WISC-IV is used today. This IQ test is split into two sections, a verbal scale and a performance scale (Carey, n.d.). The test is split into different subtests, but the two main sections are the verbal and performance scales. On the verbal sections of the test, a verbal response from the child is needed. On the

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - Essay Example For example, the general management will avail the resources required and give signatories to implement the strategy; hence they need to be aware of the strategy and its implications on the operations of the company. Providing all the information about the business strategy to the general management is vital in ensuring that they give a go ahead so that the strategy is implemented. The human resource organizational strategy, which will make their policies work, is one that divides the role of decision making among the employees, which is referred to as employee or labor relations (Abella, 2004). For example, different groups will be assigned different tasks, which they will be responsible for and ensure that the tasks they are assigned are accomplished. Sharing decision-making makes employees comfortable with their job since they will have a feeling of self worth. Consequently, this will enhance the operations of the company and productivity will rise. In addition human resource can use a compensation strategy, which will see that the hard working employees are given bonuses for the extra work they do. To be a stage 6 manager in the construction company, the manager needs ensure that their practices are directed towards achieving the goals the company has set within the time provided while taking care of the needs of every worker (Armstrong, 2008). The manager should use orientation where he will ensure that all the workers are protected in terms of justice and welfare, which will be the same for everyone in the company. The manager should ensure that every worker is entitled to a medical cover and incase of injury or sickness, they are treated promptly and in the best way. He should also ascertain that workers are entitled to joining unions, which will be responsible for forwarding their complaints to the management. Furthermore, the manager should ensure that his motives are moral and should be

Hca Hospital Corporation of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hca Hospital Corporation of America - Essay Example Indirect competition from companies that produce cheaper substitutes also encourages the business to grow otherwise it will be pushed out of the market. The desire by organisations to enjoy economies of scale in terms of management, purchases, production, marketing among other forces them to expand which guarantees them saving due to bulk purchase of materials, spreading of overheads, higher bargaining power and expert management (Kazanjian & Drazin, 2009). Increase in demand for the products that a company manufactures also contributes to the motivation of a firm to grow in order to meet the growing demand for its products and services. Prestige and power that comes with managing big firms may also motivate the management to expand their organisations (Kumar, 2010). In addition, government policy in some countries, especially the planned economies requires business to operate under certain rules and regulations. Businesses may grow in order for them to meet these regulations and enj oy the quotas, subsidies and incentives that the government gives to businesses. With the controversies that have surrounded Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), the company need to review its growth strategies to ensure it redeems its image and to put it in a constant path of growth. In coming up with the most effective strategies for growth, the company need to consider and follow the following steps. First, the company should plan about its growth strategies in order to for them to focus on meeting the customers’ needs and showing the corporations ability to meet them. Health care corporation of America manages a number of hospitals and medical centres in unites states and in united kingdom which provide general and specialised medical services to its clients. In planning, the hospital should put into consideration the various specific needs of the clients and employees in the countries and in different departments. The plan should be client focussed clearly detailing th e goals, strategies, and tactics that will be used and a specific timeline within which the goals will be achieved. The timeline should set aside time for training and mentoring employees to the organisational culture and best practises in the field of health care. The plan should also include the methods that the company intend to use in training, coaching and measuring the progress of the employees. Including staff in coming up with a strategy by allowing their input at the appropriate level will enable the management to obtain their commitment and accountability to the organisation. The employees should be engaged in customer-focussed tactics that will ensure the corporation attracts new customers and retains the old ones. Role playing and scripting among employees will also be important, as it will give the employees a chance to test their newly learned skills. The corporation should provide mentorship programs by pairing new employees with old experienced employees. As a way of boosting morale among employees, the corporation should adopt some measuring and rewarding mechanisms in its growth strategy. Compensation and reward programs, staff development and training should be aligned with activities and results of staff involved in improving customer experience in the corporation; this will be to boost the morale of the staff to offer their best to

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - Essay Example For example, the general management will avail the resources required and give signatories to implement the strategy; hence they need to be aware of the strategy and its implications on the operations of the company. Providing all the information about the business strategy to the general management is vital in ensuring that they give a go ahead so that the strategy is implemented. The human resource organizational strategy, which will make their policies work, is one that divides the role of decision making among the employees, which is referred to as employee or labor relations (Abella, 2004). For example, different groups will be assigned different tasks, which they will be responsible for and ensure that the tasks they are assigned are accomplished. Sharing decision-making makes employees comfortable with their job since they will have a feeling of self worth. Consequently, this will enhance the operations of the company and productivity will rise. In addition human resource can use a compensation strategy, which will see that the hard working employees are given bonuses for the extra work they do. To be a stage 6 manager in the construction company, the manager needs ensure that their practices are directed towards achieving the goals the company has set within the time provided while taking care of the needs of every worker (Armstrong, 2008). The manager should use orientation where he will ensure that all the workers are protected in terms of justice and welfare, which will be the same for everyone in the company. The manager should ensure that every worker is entitled to a medical cover and incase of injury or sickness, they are treated promptly and in the best way. He should also ascertain that workers are entitled to joining unions, which will be responsible for forwarding their complaints to the management. Furthermore, the manager should ensure that his motives are moral and should be

How to Write a Case Study Essay Example for Free

How to Write a Case Study Essay A case study example is a case study that is intended to be used as a model text or a reference guide for writers unfamiliar with how to write case studies. Case study examples may be distributed by professors, educational resource organizations, or professional writing services. The primary audience for a case study example is typically college pupils. Case study writing comes in two forms: annotated and un-annotated. An annotated case study example features notes in the margins and within the text itself that point to important elements of the form, style, and content of the case study. Annotated examples are particularly helpful for students who are unfamiliar with the case study genre in general, since they provide commentary explicitly noting the important elements of the genre. Un-annotated case study examples will not feature this commentary; the example viewer is intended to identify the important elements and conventions of the case study on his or her own. These examples are best viewed after a student is somewhat familiar with the genre or has already studied an annotated example. Whether using annotated or un-annotated case study examples, learners should pay particular attention to the ways in which the writer of the case study presents and analyzes information, as this is the primary objective of any case study. In a case study, a writer interprets, analyzes, and synthesizes data presented from a real or fictional situation or problem. For instance, in business school a student may be required to read about a particular business proposed advertising model and then, based on knowledge he or she has gained through his or her study of business and advertising, suggest the ways in which the company should execute its advertising campaigns. To do this effectively will require the student to work carefully with the provided information about the case and then draw on his or her creativity and knowledge reserves to propose a practical solution. When writing case studies, all proposed solutions must be bolstered by accepted techniques and theories within the students field. Students using case study examples should note how the example writer makes use of this external knowledge. Case study examples are intended to be model texts. As such, they are meant to provide students with a general idea of the common conventions of case study writing and are not meant to serve as templates. Students should study and use case study examples to determine the important elements of case study writing, but should ideally look at multiple examples to see how the case study form can be flexible depending on its particular objective and audience.

Polygon of Forces and Condition of Equilibrium

Polygon of Forces and Condition of Equilibrium Introduction The polygon of forces represent lot of forces leading in a simultaneously to one point so all this forces acting will make a figure or they are call Vector such as force, that has magnitude and direction and can be resolved into components that are odd functions of the coordinates. A vector is a directed at an angle to the horizontal (or the vertical) can be thought of as having two parts (or components). That is, any vector directed in two dimensions can be thought of as having two components. For example, if a chain pulls upward at an angle on the collar of a dog, then there is a tension force directed in two dimensions. This tension force has two components: an upward component and a rightward component. As another example, consider an airplane, which is displaced northwest from OHare International Airport (in Chicago) to a destination in Canada. The displacement vector of the plane is in two dimensions (northwest). Thus, this displacement vector has two components: a northward component and a westward component. http://www.physics247.com/physics-homework-help/dynamics8.jpg Newton law variety of ways by which motion can be describedwords, graphs, diagrams, in this unit Newtons Laws of Motion the ways in which motion can be explained will be discussed. Isaac Newton a 17th century scientist put forth a variety of laws, which explain why move objects or dont move as they do. These three laws have become known as Newtons three laws of motion. The focus of Lesson 1 is Newtons first law of motion. http://www.physics247.com/physics-homework-help/dynamics8.jpg Method Attaching four lengths of strings to the pulley of fine cord and adjusting the weight of F1: 850g F2: 800g F3: 800g F4: 800g to the maximums to the string and them put a sheet of paper record all the line on the sheet of paper to help you to do all the calculation did this experiment. Results The values was in grams so this values as to be convert to Newtown so to convert kilogram to Newtown you multiply by the value in kilogram by 9.81 My value are F1: 850g = 0.85kg  ´ 9.81 = 8.34N F2: 800g=0.80kg ´ 9.81 =7.85N F3: 800g=0.80kg ´ 9.81 =7.85N F4: 800g=0.80kg ´ 9.81 =7.85N X axes Y axes F1= 8.34N cos 42 °= 6.20N F1= 8.34N sin 42 °= 5.58N F2= 7.85N cos 136 °= -5.65N F2= 7.85N sin 136 °= 5.45N F3= 7.85N cos 224 °=-5.65N F3=7.85N sin 224 °= -5.45N F4= 7.85N cos 313 °=5.35N F4=7.84N sin 313 °= -5.74N SFx= 0.25N SFy= -0.16N R = 0.192N angle q =20 ° Discussion This results are equilibrium but they was same human error thats why the results are not equal to zero but it ok so the percentage error of are 0.41%. These lines of action produce a closed polygon thats why a drawing of polygon of forces as been draw from head to tail to prove that the result of this equation and the drawing as a result angle of 20 °. The analytic of forces show that these forces are equilibrium but the result shows that there is an error in the calculation this error is duo to loose of fiction, this can happen by the loop move or human error. The possibility of losses friction experiment are the pulleys when it running can cause losses of friction, the cable was use in this experiment could be one of problem is well and another possibility is that the person ho transfer the line in to the sheet of paper did not mark the follow the line. Looking to this experiment the difference between static friction and kinetic friction is that static friction when it applied force is less than the limiting friction, the body remains at rest It is the friction experienced by a body, when it is at rest, or when the car is at full stop or not moving. Kinetic friction When it applied force exceeds the limiting friction the body starts moving over the other body and the Friction of resistance experienced by the body while moving and if you are running for you to stop kinetic friction will apply. FRICTION Frictions can benefits to our life because friction it happen to Olmos every think we do in our daily life, exp: when pushing a baby pushchair these friction there, when we slip friction is there, when we shaking hands friction is there to and it important uses in some situations, friction is very important and beneficial. There are many things that you could not do without the force of friction. Friction and weight are common experiences and taken for granted, but were not always understood. Aristotle believed that objects that contained earth fell because in Earth was at the center of the universe, and that was the natural order of things. We know that weight, which is the force of gravity between objects, not only makes apples fall from trees, but keeps the Moon circling the Earth, and the Earth circling the sun. Aristotle also believed (and some students still believe) that the natural state of an object is to be at rest. That is, without a force pushing it, an object will slow d own to a stop. This view overlooks friction, which is the force that causes most objects we see to come to rest. Now we know that there is nothing pushing planets along their orbit, and that without gravity to hold them in orbit, they would continue to move in a straight line until interfered with Friction. The disadvantage of friction is that you could not walk without the friction between your shoes and the ground as you try to step forward; you push your foot backward Friction holds your shoe to the ground, allowing you to walk Consider how difficult it is to walk on slippery ice, where there is little friction when you playing a football match it makes friction and friction also cause as to use lot of energy so we are playing a big object on friction Writing with a pencil requires friction You could not hold a pencil in your hand without friction It would slip out when you tried to hold it to write The graphite pencil led would not make a mark on the paper without friction. A pencil eraser uses friction to rub off mistakes written in pencil lead Rubbing the eraser on the lead wears out the eraser due to friction, while the particles worn off gather up the pencil lead from the paper. The means of reducing friction when moving a large object is that if two people move the object with the same forces they will be less friction and you need to reduce friction between the box and the tile floor so that you can move the box easy, you can increase friction on your shoes to help you move the box. Static friction Static friction is friction between two solid objects that are not moving relative to each other. For example, static friction can prevent an object from sliding down a sloped surface. The coefficient of static friction, typically denoted as ÃŽ ¼s, is usually higher than the coefficient of kinetic friction. Kinetic friction Kinetic friction occurs when two objects are moving relative to each other and rubs together (like a sled on the ground). The coefficient of kinetic friction is typically denoted as ÃŽ ¼k, and is usually less than the coefficient of static friction for the same materials. In fact, Richard Feynman reports, with dry metals it is very hard to show any difference. Finally, new models are beginning to show how kinetic friction can be greater than static friction.A surface can always supply a normal force, perpendicular to the surface. However, a surface quite often also supplies a fiction force parallel to the plane. Friction forces always oppose the motion or prevent the motion. Conclusions Friction is necessary in many ways to prevent slipping or sliding but also, it can be a nuisance because it can affect many thinks in our life by in reality friction is very important, in this report the very important key is that the experiment went well as according to plan the calculation was correct but the was a small error in the all project that we count prove that this equation was equilibrium but the error did came from many ways exp: human error and many thinks. References http://www.physics247.com/physics-homework-help/dynamics8.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_friction

The Disappearing Democracy of the United States Essay -- America Polit

The Disappearing Democracy of the United States For Americans, the word â€Å"democracy† itself is strong enough to conjure up notions of a nation unhindered by an oppressive government where citizens are able to engage in the freedom of speech, press, and religious choice and practice. So powerful are American pro-Democratic sentiments that it is a common thought that any other country that does not prescribe to a liberal democracy is somehow inferior. Yet as time marches on, the feelings of superiority by American citizens become more and more unfounded. For, right before our eyes, the very notion of democracy, that Americans become braggarts about, is disappearing. While the U.S. government boasts of the freedoms it affords its citizens, it corrupts such an image through repeated non-democratic actions. While citizens cherish the affordances of a liberal democracy, many do not make the effort to support such a system; taking it for granted that no matter what, a democracy is a self perpetuating entity. In thi s paper I will argue that the liberal democracy that supposedly defines American government is a declining entity due to overt acts against the principles of democracy by the United States government and also due to the decline of civic engagement by United States citizens. The fact is, no system of government can be perpetuated if the government and its citizens do not work to keep their ideals alive and in practice. Since the inception of a democratic government in the United States’ early history, many have held that a liberal democracy should be the standard to which all other governments should attempt to emulate (CNN.com, 1). As the world’s leading super power, the United States sets an exampl... ...shi. (2002). The Acts of the Democracies. Retrieved March 2, 2003 from http://www.krysstal.com/democracy.html National Organization for Women. (2003). The Truth about George W. Bush -Domestic Policy. Retrieved March 9, 2003 from http://www.thetruthaboutgeorge.com/domestic/ News from Reality. (2001). Raping The Mountainside: Filling the Yucca Mountains with Nuclear Waste. Retrieved March 11, 2003 from http://www.hereinreality.com/yucca.html Revolutionary Worker. (2001). The Bush Plan for Vieques: Bomb Now Pull Out Later. Revolutionary Worker Online. Retrieved March 10, 2003 from http://rwor.org/a/v23/1100-99/1109/vieques.htm Schemo, Diana Jean. (2003). The Presidents Budget Proposal: Education. New York Times Online. Retrieved March 10, 2003 from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60E17F6355C0C768CDDAB08 94DB404482

Marriage in ancient Rome Essay -- essays research papers

The Roman institution of marriage has been lauded as being the first purely humanistic law of marriage, one that is based on the idea of marriage being a free and freely dissolvable union of two equal partners for life. (Schulz, 1951;103) This is quite a simplistic view, as there were many differing forms of marriage in Rome, from the arranged marriages of the elite to the unions of slaves and soldiers. As we shall see, the Romans' actual expectations of married life and the gains they envisioned they would receive from the experience depended greatly on their age, sex and social status. Unlike our contemporary society, no specific civil ceremony was required for the creation of a marriage; only mutual agreement and the fact that the couple must regard each other as husband and wife accordingly. (Gardner,1986;47) Although not a legal necessity, some weddings, usually the first marriage of elite couples was accompanied by much revelry and song, as featured in one of Catullus' poems. It describes the celebration of the marriage with dancing, singing and the brandishing of torches. Ribald jokes are shouted at the bride and nuts are scattered as she makes her way towards her husband's house. The groom arrives before the bride so that he can personally invite her to come and share his home. Now married, what does the couple expect to gain from the experience? The young bride is most probably in her early teens, as is the girl described in Catullus' poem with the words, "Young boy, release the little girl's small smooth arm". After marriage she will be transformed from a "little girl" into a respected wife. Elsewhere Catullus assures his readers that young daughters are unloved by their parents until they are married. "If, when she is ripe for marriage, she enters into wedlock, she is ever dearer to her husband and less hateful to her parents†¦" (Catullus, Poems 62.57-65) If we are to take this at face value, then marriage for young girls gains them the affection of their parents. A similar sentiment is found in the funeral eulogy from Rome for a woman named Murdia. It speaks of her dealing with her arranged marriage with obedience and propriety and "as a bride to become more beloved because of her merits†¦". (Reading 139, Lefkowitz and Fant, 1982;135) Marriage, for both males and females granted them a larger network of fam... ...her image. He wanders lovesick to her room only to discover she is not there. It is safe to say that one of the gains from marriage for both partners was sexual satisfaction, even if certain men did look outside the marriage bed occasionally. Were the Roman's expectations of marriage likely to be met? The foremost function of marriage, the production of children, was likely to be met by most marriages. Having those children survive and succeed you as heirs or to look after you in old age was another matter. Cornelia bore twelve children of whom only three survived. In an age of high mortality, in which both childbirth and military campaigns were a factor, it could be difficult to establish a lasting partnership, the ideal Roman marriage of one partner for life. It is recorded on the tombstones of the long dead that indeed these marriages did exist, and even if it is but a literary cliche, it is still a testament of their devotion to one another. "Pythion son of Hicesius set up this common memorial to himself and to his wife Epicydilla daughter of Epicydes. He was married at eighteen and she at fifteen, and for fifty years of life together they shared agreement unbroken†¦" Marriage in ancient Rome Essay -- essays research papers The Roman institution of marriage has been lauded as being the first purely humanistic law of marriage, one that is based on the idea of marriage being a free and freely dissolvable union of two equal partners for life. (Schulz, 1951;103) This is quite a simplistic view, as there were many differing forms of marriage in Rome, from the arranged marriages of the elite to the unions of slaves and soldiers. As we shall see, the Romans' actual expectations of married life and the gains they envisioned they would receive from the experience depended greatly on their age, sex and social status. Unlike our contemporary society, no specific civil ceremony was required for the creation of a marriage; only mutual agreement and the fact that the couple must regard each other as husband and wife accordingly. (Gardner,1986;47) Although not a legal necessity, some weddings, usually the first marriage of elite couples was accompanied by much revelry and song, as featured in one of Catullus' poems. It describes the celebration of the marriage with dancing, singing and the brandishing of torches. Ribald jokes are shouted at the bride and nuts are scattered as she makes her way towards her husband's house. The groom arrives before the bride so that he can personally invite her to come and share his home. Now married, what does the couple expect to gain from the experience? The young bride is most probably in her early teens, as is the girl described in Catullus' poem with the words, "Young boy, release the little girl's small smooth arm". After marriage she will be transformed from a "little girl" into a respected wife. Elsewhere Catullus assures his readers that young daughters are unloved by their parents until they are married. "If, when she is ripe for marriage, she enters into wedlock, she is ever dearer to her husband and less hateful to her parents†¦" (Catullus, Poems 62.57-65) If we are to take this at face value, then marriage for young girls gains them the affection of their parents. A similar sentiment is found in the funeral eulogy from Rome for a woman named Murdia. It speaks of her dealing with her arranged marriage with obedience and propriety and "as a bride to become more beloved because of her merits†¦". (Reading 139, Lefkowitz and Fant, 1982;135) Marriage, for both males and females granted them a larger network of fam... ...her image. He wanders lovesick to her room only to discover she is not there. It is safe to say that one of the gains from marriage for both partners was sexual satisfaction, even if certain men did look outside the marriage bed occasionally. Were the Roman's expectations of marriage likely to be met? The foremost function of marriage, the production of children, was likely to be met by most marriages. Having those children survive and succeed you as heirs or to look after you in old age was another matter. Cornelia bore twelve children of whom only three survived. In an age of high mortality, in which both childbirth and military campaigns were a factor, it could be difficult to establish a lasting partnership, the ideal Roman marriage of one partner for life. It is recorded on the tombstones of the long dead that indeed these marriages did exist, and even if it is but a literary cliche, it is still a testament of their devotion to one another. "Pythion son of Hicesius set up this common memorial to himself and to his wife Epicydilla daughter of Epicydes. He was married at eighteen and she at fifteen, and for fifty years of life together they shared agreement unbroken†¦"

Adlerian Theory Essay

Introduction and Rationale School counselors work with students in academic development, social and emotional skill development, and college/career development. Their work supports student success through education in these domains, improvement of skills, reduction of stress, and improvement in mental health functioning. As I read the article, School Counseling Outcome: A Meta-Analytic Examination of Interventions, I couldn’t help but realize the importance of continued research on the effectiveness of school counseling interventions. This article focuses on the effectiveness of an array of school counseling interventions and not solely on individual and group counseling. The primary aim of this research was to review various literature pieces that relate to school counseling and identify their outcome and implications to the practice of school counseling. In this study, Meta-analysis 1 involved treatment control comparisons and Meta-analysis 2 involved pretest-posttest differences. The overall average weighted effect size for school counseling interventions was .30. The study examined whether relevant moderator variables influenced effect sizes. See more:  Social Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay The pretest-posttest size was not significant, so moderator analyses were conducted on treatment control comparisons. Analyses of moderator variables indicated school counseling program activities or interventions varied in effectiveness Strengths and Weaknesses A meta-analysis of school counseling outcome research found an overall effect size of .30. Students who participated in the interventions improved almost a third of the standard deviation more than their peers who did not receive the interventions. In other words, school counseling interventions have a larger effect size than aspirin for preventing heart attacks (ES of .06) and an equivalent effect size to sertoline (Zoloft) compared to placebo, for  treating major depressive disorder (ES of .31). (Whiston & Quimby, 2009). The use of meta-analysis offers some weakness on the research which is actually a common thing for meta-analytic researches. This results from the fact that the effect size’s quality is dependant on the quality of research and accuracy. Sampling inaccurate of ineffective research cases may also render the meta-analytic research weak due to the weakness of the researches sampled. The meta-analytic research may also be stronger due to the fact that it samples a mean of similar variables under various researches and thus providing an average that is a true representative of all researches. In order to improve the meta-analytic exercise it is good to first make an analysis of the article and ensure that they are classified appropriately and their content has high validity so that they may not negatively affect the analysis (Sexton, L.T., & Whiston, S., 1998). Summary of Research Outcome A meta-analysis of school counseling research (117 studies, 153 school counseling interventions, and 16, 296 students) found an overall effect size of .30. The authors found that students who participated in school counseling interventions tended to score on various outcome measures about a third of a standard deviation above those who did not receive the interventions. School counseling interventions produced quite large effect sizes in the areas of discipline, problem-solving, and increasing career knowledge. The effect sizes were smaller, but significant, related to school counseling interventions’ impact on academic achievement. Surprisingly little school counseling research was found related to individual counseling. Concerning guidance curriculum, small groups were more effective than interventions that involved entire classrooms. Outcome research reflects that group counseling can be effective with students who are experiencing problems and difficulties. Applying this Research to Practice School counselors can improve the climate in their schools. They can also draw from a vast array of interventions that will help students increase  their academic achievement (Brown, 1999). One intervention that has been used for more than a quarter of a century is behavioral contracts. Behavioral contracts must have specific objectives, set attainable short-term goals, be monitored regularly, allow for immediate reinforcement, and be adjusted when they are not promoting the desired change. Other direct interventions frequently employed by school counselors include study skills groups, time management training, classroom guidance units aimed at improving test taking skills, and achievement motivation groups. Achievement motivation groups are led by the counselor, but involve input from the teachers and support for increased achievement from the students in the group. When students have educational and career goals, they do better in school. Counselors can facilitate the development of educational and personal goals by engaging students in individual and group activities that focus on goal setting. Some school counselors routinely ask students about interests, educational plans, and occupational goals and record these in their portfolios as one way of emphasizing the importance of goal setting. Research supports what educators have long understood: parent involvement is an important factor in student achievement (Brown, 1999). Parents who have a high level of commitment to their children, set high standards, maintain a stable home environment, and support achievement, have children who do better in school. Counselors can involve parents through parent consultation, parent education classes that teach parents how to support their children in schools as well as parenting skills, and by advocating for parents and students when students are not treated fairly by the educational establishment. They can also help keep the parents of children who are having difficulty in school apprised of their children’s progress by encouraging teachers to communicate more frequently with parents than once per grading period. Conclusion School counselors are under pressure to assist in the effort to increase student achievement. They can respond to this challenge by working to improve the school climate, using direct interventions such as teaching study skills and involving students in achievement motivation groups, and by increasing the involvement of parents in the educational process. As our culture and educational institutions change, school counseling practices are emerging to better meet the needs of today’s students. Resources Brown, D (1999). Proven strategies for improving learning and academic achievement. Greensboro, NC: CAPS Publications Sexton, L.T., and Whiston, S.C. (1998). A review of school counseling outcome research: Implications for practice. Journal of Counseling and Development volume 76, issue number pp 412-426. Whiston & Quinby (2009). Review of school counseling research. Psychology in the Schools 46(3), 267-272. Schatzberg & Nemeroff (2009). Textbook of Pyschopharmacology. Arlington, VA: The American Psychiatric Publisher. Whiston, Susan C; Wendi, Lee Tai; Rahardja, Daryn; Eder, Kelly. Journal of Counseling and Development. Winter 2011. Vol. 89. Issue 1, p. 37-55.

Promotion of Healthy Lifestyle Essay

Nowadays our life is getting more and more tense. People live under the press of different problems, such as social, ecological, economic and others. They constantly suffer from stress, noise and dust in big cities, diseases and instability. A person should be strong and healthy in order to overcome all difficulties. To achieve this aim people ought to take care of their physical and mental health. There are several ways to do it. The state of your body depends on how much time you spend doing sports. At least everybody must do morning exercises every day. The most healthy kinds of sports are swimming, running and cycling. Doing simple exercises every day can increase your health level and improve your immune system. Physical training strengthens your organism and allows effective fighting with illnesses. So if you are active, breathe fresh air and don’t stay too much time indoors you will not have problems with your health. Healthy food is also a very important factor. Overeating causes many dangerous diseases. The daily menu should include meat, fruit and vegetables, milk product, which are rich in vitamins, fat, proteins and etc. On the other hand modern diets are very popular especially among women. Diets may be harmful, if they are used in the wrong way. Food is a key element of our good health. Eating healthy, nutritious and vitamin-rich products can improve your health. Fruit and vegetables are natural resources of vitamins A, B, C and E and other useful substances. Bread, dairy products, nuts and low-fat meat give you a large amount of energy and nutritious elements. To be healthy, people should get rid of their bad habits. It’s necessary to stop smoking and drinking much. Everyone should remember that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain. Besides according to statistics most of crimes are committed by people under the influence of drugs and alcohol. A person with bad habits risks to get a lot of illnesses. Smoking cigarettes shortens your life and can cause cancer. Drinking alcohol ruins your organism, destroys your nervous sytem and leads to liver malfunction. Taking drugs causes addiction and a large number of such illnesses as cancer, AIDS and tuberculosis. If you want to live a long and healthy life you should give up all your bad habits. In addition it is recommended to watch TV less, avoid anxiety and observe daily routine. Certainly it’s hard to follow all these recommendations, but every person have to choose between healthy life style and numerous illnesses. – good and healthy sleep: Sleep is one of the main factors that influences our health. Every person needs to sleep about 8 hours to stay active during weekdays. Bad sleep can decrease your mental and physical abilities, and become a reason for illnesses and stress. At the end I’d like to conclude that without health our life is miserable. People should be more careful of their health and organisms. If you have great health you will easily achieve everything you want. Health is very important in life of every person. It depends on our lifestyle, products we eat and habits we have. Health is much more precious than money, gold or some other stuff. So what things allow us to preserve a high level of health?! In the next 10 years, our organization will create more than 1000 free sports complexes in which all work will be carried out by volunteers. Our workers will create the mini brochure in which all reasons will be specified, why it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle.

The Influence of the 9/11 Tragedy On the Marketplace

The Influence of the 9/11 Tragedy On the Marketplace The Fundamentals of the Market In post 9/11 America, identity regarding gender, race, and class flipped completely, causing many members in contemporary American society to question themselves and their worth in the United States. In the novel, The Reluctant Fundamentalist, by Mohsin Hamid, readers are able to track the influence of the 9/11 tragedy into the marketplace, corporate America, and living life in general in America through his main character, Changez. Changez is a hardworking individual that experiences racial discrimination while participating in corporate Americas market fundamentals a tragic mix of being destined to fail, and racial inequality for those working in the field. The dehumanizing nature of post 9/11 America sends influential shivers down the spine of corporate America and bleeds into the work place for minorities through the way Changez interacts with his coworkers, regular citizens, and the market in general. When Changez reflects on what makes Underwood Samson so different and reveals American ideals and culture, he recalls a conversation with Sherman It was a testament to the systematic pragmatism call it professionalism that underpins your countrys success in so many fields (Hamid 36). While Changez understands the old adage of business is business, he still finds it hard to believe the stark differnce between Underwood Samson and when he was a student at Princeton, at Princeton, learning was imbued with an aura of creativity; at Underwood Samson, creativity was not excised it was still present and valued but it ceded its primacy to efficiency (Hamid 37). This instance of reflection by Changez reveals several things about Underwood Samson, not only the fact that it promotes a lifeless atmosphere and hires people who do not encompass a team attitude, but it is open about this. While they boast this hard knocks theory of working, they do so to devalue the life of Changez, and get a leg up against him. This establishes the mantra of corporate America even if you can help in some way, it is not about what you know, but who you know. Hamid writes, through the trials of Changez, this dehumanization of a minority in a post 9/11 setting. Hamid communicates these ideals through the way he is handled in the work place, with several interactions that are cringe worthy and generally unfortunate. In Peter Moreys article, The rules of he game have changed: Mohsin Hamids The Reluctant Fundamentalist and post-9/11 fiction, Morey recognizes the intent of Hamid while also appreciating and informing his own readers about what literature framed in this time period does not only for the sake of the novels plot, but for the community at large, and how writing about these injustices helps reconfigure the main tropes of corporate America. While Morey understands that the initial reaction for many of Hamids readers is to have an immense sense of nationalism when reacting to the tragedy of 9/11, he identifies this book as something that challenges that nationalism by exposing what really happens when speaking about minorities participating in corporate America. Morey also claims that the novel defamiliarizes our relation to literary projects of national identification (Morey 136), a tactic that allows Hamids readers to exit their comfort zone in order to feel what someone from the outside might feel. Hamids unreliable narrator also aids this literary strategy because it reaches out to Hamids main audience people living in America in this post 9/11 world. It makes it more understandable to view the re-institution of learning these fundamentals through the eyes of someone who does not approve of them, and is incredibly suspicious of them at the same time. Just as Changez is ready and willing to break down the American system of doing things, he certainly also is not afraid to speak up about it. Hamid adjusts his readers lens at the end of the novel to see Changez as someone to trusts, as opposed to the unreliable, ever-changing narrator we grew to know him as. Changez reflects later in the novel about his distrust with the American way, specifically referring to Americans and America using the word you (Hamid 168). This word choice sticks out because it is used to describe a nation that has theoretically given Changez so much, but in reality, it has chewed him up thoroughly and spat him out. This reflection from Changez addresses what he truly feels about the manifestation of corporate America into the modern society which he has had so much trouble with living, believing, and trusting it. He belittles America and labels America acting out the beliefs which he understands as myths of your own difference, assumptions of your own superiority (Hamid 168) by claiming Americans threw a tantrum for the rest of the world to clean up. Essentially, the way America handles change and indifference makes them less superior, and framing this theory through the lens of the work place allows readers to understand exactly what Changez sees about America. While his ideas are justified, he sees the corporate world, and almost exclusively the parts of American culture that exhibit the dire competitive nature of how America functions. In the environment he experiences, he obviously expects competition, but never to the point of public humiliation and dehumanization that comes to physical confrontation. One instance of Changez experiencing this was when he was when he finally decides he has had enough of Underwood Samson, and he decides to quit. As Changez leaves Jims office for the final time, he writes that almost non of the fellow employees even bother to look up from their work and see him out. He confesses that even Wainwright, the man he considered to be looking out for him, does not bother to show any real affection or love towards him. In fact, Changez feels violated even in his parting, thinking the others, if they bothered to look at me at all, did so with evident unease and, in some cases, a fear which would not have been ina ppropriate had I been convicted of plotting to kill them rather than of abandoning my post in mid-assignment (Hamid 160). This was the last straw for Changez, and the irony lies in these actions from his co-workers because while they put on a facade throughout the entirety of his employment at Underwood Samson, they pretend to be a team. They speak like they are working together for a common goal, however in reality, they break Changez down consistently throughout the novel both mentally and physically. While most of post 9/11 America, was busy mourning the loss of many lives in the tragic incidents, many people were preaching the importance of staying close together. The president at the time, George Bush, told people to remain close, and to remember what America consisted of brave, powerful, and strong people that cared deeply about their country and who belonged to it. However, as reflected by the actions of Underwood Samson, unity in a post 9/11 America is selective. Those whom you choose to unite with should be looking out for you, essentially, but besides the core people, there is no room for charity when it comes to corporate America. Unity, to the members of Underwood Samson, should only be used for your own benefit, instead of following the actual definition of the word, being inclusive. These fundamentals that have been unfortunately framed by 9/11 and the culture of America post 9/11 are designed to be inclusive, yet are incredibly discriminatory. The execution, as shown by the actions of the American characters in The Reluctant Fundamentalist, are fairly poor while exhibiting the Americans fatal flaw of caring too much about other people and their impending business. The interaction that Changez shares with his former co-workers is then also highlighted by the way he is forced to leave. The guards did not leave me until I was outside the building, and it was only then that I allowed myself to rub my eyes with the back of my hand, for they had been watering slightly (Hamid 160). Up until this point in the novel, explicit emotion responding to this American aggression has been difficult to capture from Changez. While we see his physical and mental response, readers have not seen him cry tears of frustration, disappointment, and pure anger. Here, readers are allowed into the world of our narrator, Changez, and how even at the end of his time at Underwood Samson, he identifies that his hunches he once had, especially at the beginning of the novel, turned out to be true. Michael Kimmel, author of the essay Masculine Entitlement and the Future of Terrorism, displays the white perception of 9/11 and how anybody of a different color or origin will automatically be seen as an outsider who is stealing their place at the table (Kimmel 617). While Kimmel does not directly relate his argument to The Reluctant Fundamentalist, his argument does explain a lot of the possible motives and motivations that some of the other characters might feel towards Changez. While it is inexcusable, Kimmel sheds a little light on why they might do what they do. This aching fear of losing a job, or being ousted by an outsider that is displayed in physical aggression and attempted mental breakdowns from the other characters stems directly from Americas post 9/11 culture. In Changezs struggles to adapt to American culture, he is met with another difficulty that places him under a deep spell of confusion. He is confronted by many people at Underwood Samson about the fact that he allows his beard to grow out, I was subjected to verbal abuse by complete strangers, and at Underwood Samson I seemed to become overnight a subject of whispers and stares (Hamid 130). Not only does this puzzle him deeply as to why anyone would care about how he wore his hair, but he is deeply concerned that the one other minority at his company, Wainwright, insults his culture and heritage by making a rude and demeaning comment about his beard, saying They are common where I come from, I told him. Jerk chicken is common where I come from, he replied, but I dont go sme ar it all over my face. You need to be careful. This whole corporate collegiality veneer only goes so deep' (Hamid 130-31). This dialogue between Wainwright and Changez tells readers how little his coworkers care for him, and even more surprisingly, the ones who supposedly do care for him really do not. While Wainwright sounds like he is protecting him by telling him to shave his beard, he cannot allow himself to give Changez any advice without giving him his own personal insult. Part of the reason Wainwright expresses himself in such a way is the divide between not knowing exactly what to say to help Changez and the trouble with American society. On some level, he wants to help Changez, but on another, he wants to stay secure in his own skin, and to fit in with all the other corporate clones that they both work with. Besides the verbal abuse that Changez receives from everyone, the mental intimidation factor is incredibly high, especially in a high-pressured office such as Underwood Samson. In addition to Wainwright showing his true colors, many of the people that surround Changez show themselves to him shamelessly with their dehumanization. This is done on a strangerly, face-to-face basis through aggressive discourse that is not only offensive to Changez, but several other cultures that misinformed Americans often confuse together, especially after the events of 9/11. In the parking lot after leaving work, Changez is confronted by a man who begins to make noises at him, mocking the way he looks, and evidently labeling him as a fucking Arab' (Hamid 117). This exchange is wildly harmful because as Changez greets the man mocking him, he thinks he might be mad, or drunk; I thought also that he might be a mugger, and I prepared to defend myself to strike (Hamid 117). However, as the man began to approach Changez, he slowly realizes that the man does not want anything from Changez, he comes to recognize that this man is merely racist. Changez can see that this man does not want to harm him physically, just to pass along hateful discourse for his own enjoyment. It is with a confused and angry response that Changez questions this idea of working as a team, and Americas ideals in general. After a few murderous seconds (Hamid 118), Changez and his attacker chose to not physically confront each other, which was most likely in the best interest of the attac ker. However, this does not absolve any part of the conflict for either party. Changez walks away shaken, not knowing what to do, and questioning the morals of the American citizens he is supposed to be respecting and striving to be like. Mahmood Mamdani, author of the essay Good Muslim, Bad Muslim works to approach American readers on how not to talk about Islam and politics two very controversial and fragile topics of discussion among common Americans. I found this essay interesting because it connects some of the similar topics Mohsin Hamid attempts to bridge in his novel. In the essay, Mamdani writes about George Bushs public flirtation with the idea of an anti-Muslim crusade, (Mamdani 24), something that sounds slightly outrageous to a more modern audience, but was tragically true. In this post 9/11 warzone of America, Bush would continuously preach to Americans about distinguishing good Muslims from bad Muslims' (Mamdani 24). While Bush did this, many people saw this proclamation as an opportunity to implement this into their workplace rituals and everyday routines, something we see prime examples of in the characters in The Reluctant Fundamentalist. After 9/11, many Americans, similar to those we see directly in the novel, decided to make this assumed religion, meaning anyone who was suspected to practice Islam, was a political problem. If someone appeared, to a white American, to be Muslim, they should be placed in the good or bad category, and should be dealt with accordingly. The good vs. bad culture that was raised in the United States produced toxic mindsets that evidently leaked into the way people lived their lives, which is what Hamid tries to teach his readers in his novel. The politicization of culture appears to be a direct result of the Bush administration, and although not every single American thought/thinks like this, there are the select groups that really believe in this Us vs. Them discourse that continues, to the dismay of many, to this day in the United States of America, the supposed greatest country on Earth. Studying this odd dichotomy between those who have reserved their seat at the table of corporate America and those who are begging for the scraps brings about many interesting arguments and analyses. Mohsin Hamid, through the dialogue, plot, and interesting and powerful character dynamics pioneers his way through the epicenter of writing literature through the scope of post 9/11 America. Hamid trains his readers not to trust his narrator, just as the narrator should never trust those he deals with, to put his readers in a similar seat as Changez. This novel, just like many novels similar to it, is meant to make readers uncomfortable, yet it is also used to instruct, teach, and challenge the readers connotations of America, specifically after 9/11, and how we, as a nation, deal with problems on a large and small scale. These fundamentals that we have discussed throughout the study of this novel are not something Changez wants to subscribe to. In his efforts to become like the people he hates, he realizes the toxicity and the hardships that he must endure to do something he does not exactly want to do with the same people that falsely supported him throughout his journey. On a large scale, this is an inverse coming of age novel, one in which the protagonist realizes that coming of age is not exactly what he is meant to do, especially not in America. Hamid paints these lessons well and continues to write with a purpose throughout the entire novel, not once letting up his grip on telling the story of a man whose ambition was stolen by the crooked setup of the American corporate realm, the government, and the society in general.

Uses Cases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Uses Cases - Assignment Example The withdrawal transaction begins by a customer inserting his or her Bank Card into the card slot of the ATM. Then a user validation process is performed on the basis of the card ID and the customer’s PIN. After validation, the a display screen is provided containing the available set of operations. In this scenario, the customer has directly selects â€Å"Withdraw Cash†. The ATM screen displays prompts for an account type. The selects the desired account type from the available Menu. This is immediately followed by screen for the user to input the required amount of money. All this information falls under the withdrawal use case. That is, the Bankcard ID, PIN (Personal Identification Number), account type and amount, which is then sent to the Bank as a requested transaction. The Bank then replies with a go-ahead or not reply. Upon successful approval the customer’s money is made available by the dispenser. The ATM then ejects the card and Prints a receipt. It is essential to indicate that this use case is based on the assumption that a user makes a direct and successful withdrawal. However, there are some alternative flows caused by conditions such as Wrong PIN, Invalid or Expired Card, Invalid Account type and Excess withdrawal Amount. The second diagram is a use case dependency for making an account deposit. As indicated in the use case diagram below, this is another highly technical procedure in the design of an ATM service machine. The preconditions are same as for withdrawal, which is a customer and Bank. The following is involved in the execution of an account deposit transaction. The transaction initiates by a Bank Customer inserting his or her card. This is then followed a provision of display screen by the ATM prompting a user PIN, which is integrated as the validation use case. It uses the card ID and PIN to authenticate its use. The machine displays a screen